This study examines how agentic AI can transform the strategic management of science and technology enterprises while considering materials science research. Focusing on the Department of War’s Manufacturing and Materials Science & Technology ecosystem, it explores how AI-enabled decision support, autonomous reasoning, and multi-agent systems can improve portfolio planning, investment prioritization, resource allocation, and technology transition. The study assesses near-term AI capabilities, governance considerations, and partnership opportunities across government, academia, and industry to help shape a more agile, effective, and mission-aligned approach to materials innovation.