For a farmer, a yellow spot on a tomato leaf may seem insignificant. But that small change could be an early sign of a disease or pest infestation that, if not identified and addressed quickly, could spread across a farm and threaten an entire harvest. The challenge is that many farmers rely largely on experience to determine what may be affecting their crops. By the time the cause becomes clear, significant damage may already have occurred. Changing weather and climate conditions are adding another layer of uncertainty, influencing pest behaviour and creating conditions that can favour outbreaks.