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How can understanding brain-body interactions inform new approaches to brain health, from basic research to therapeutic development and clinical care? The National Academies' Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in collaboration with the Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, hosted a workshop to explore how dynamic, bidirectional interactions between the brain and peripheral organ systems - including the cardiovascular, immune, and gastrointestinal systems - are reshaping our understanding of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Experts in neuroscience, medicine, public health, engineering, and individuals with lived experience discussed how these interconnected systems influence disease mechanisms, risk, and resilience, and considered how a more integrated perspective could inform research and care. Discussions emphasize the need to move beyond siloed approaches, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration, patient-centered perspectives, and new care models that reflect the complexity of whole-body health.