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The lecture by Samir Harb offers a critical analysis of cement-based concrete in the Palestinian territories from an urban and political ecology perspective. It examines cement as a multi-scalar network entangled with power relations, territorial conflict, land acquisition, exclusion, political desires, and the limits of urban metabolism. As a substance, it plays an active role in urbanisation and construction projects in the West Bank. Control over its circulation consolidated the power over urban metabolism. Establishing independent cement plants requires sovereignty over land and energy resources. And finally, the destruction of Gaza shows us that this material’s agency is no longer seen as a banal modern construction material but rather as an activated weapon for urban annihilation.