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Punjab’s agricultural landscape remains entangled in a policy paradox. While the state government aggressively pushes for crop diversification to save depleting groundwater levels, farmers remain heavily invested in paddy cultivation. Alternatives such as moong, mash, arhar, sesame, groundnut and, most critically, cotton continue to lose ground. Economic security is the core driver, making paddy the top Kharif crop due to assured procurement, strong marketability and high yields.